The following image illustrates a typical EDI X12 envelope
structure that is used during a purchase order transmission. Syntax
for an EDI X12 document containing two purchase orders is shown
on the left and a graphical representation of the hierarchy is provided
on the right.
An EDI X12 document must contain the following segments in its
structure:
- Interchange Control Header (ISA). Indicates
the start of the interchange. The ISA segment has a fixed length
and consists of 106 characters. The fourth character, for example,
an asterisk (*), is the segment delimiter that is used throughout
the document.
- Functional Group Header (GS). Indicates
the start of a group, which contains one or more transaction sets.
The GS segment contains various sender and receiver codes for identification
and control purposes.
- Transaction Set Header (ST). Indicates
the start of a transaction set. The transaction set contains segments
that make up the message data. All of the details that are required
to process the transaction are available within the transaction set.
A transaction set can contain one or more loops, which are required
to repeat a collection of related segments.
- Transaction Set Trailer (SE). Indicates
the end of a transaction set. The SE segment provides a count of
the data segments that includes the header and trailer segments.
- Functional Group Trailer (GE). Indicates
the end of the group. The GE segment contains an element that indicates
the number of transaction sets within the group.
- Interchange Control Trailer (IEA). Indicates
the end of the interchange. The IEA segment contains an element
that indicates the number of groups within the interchange.